\u3010\u8bb0\u5b83\u5e72\u5417\uff1f\u3011\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b\u5411\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u8981\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u62ff\u8d77\u684c\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u7c3f\u53bb\u67e5\u3002\u540c\u4e8b\u60ca\u5947\u5730\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\uff1f\u201d \u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u4e66\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8bb0\u7740\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n
\u3010\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\u30111931\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u6279\u5224\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u4e00\u767e\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u300b\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d88\u606f\u544a\u8bc9\u7ed9\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5374\u65e0\u52a8\u4e8e\u8877\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5e72\u5417\u8981100\u4e2a\u4eba\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u771f\u7684\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u3010\u7b54\u6848\u53d8\u4e86\u3011\u5948\u7279\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u4efb\u6559\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5e74\u4ed6\u4ece\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u8bfe\u3002\u671f\u672b\u8003\u8bd5\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u6765\u63a5\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5948\u7279\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u9898\u8ddf\u5f53\u5e74\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5c31\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u5948\u7279\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u9898\u600e\u4e48\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\u6ca1\u53d8\uff1f\u201d\u5948\u7279\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9898\u5f53\u7136\u6ca1\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7b54\u6848\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u3010\u6bcf\u7bc7\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3011\u54c8\u91cc\u2022\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u5f53\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u5982\u7f51\u4e0a\u704c\u6c34\uff0c\u514d\u4e0d\u4e86\u6709\u4e9b\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u8bb0\u8005\u91c7\u8bbf\u5b8c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u53bb\u91c7\u8bbf\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u65bd\u8482\u683c\u52d2\uff0c\u597d\u5947\u5730\u95ee\u9053\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u6559\u6388\u6709500\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u60a8\u600e\u4e48\u53ea\u6709100\u7bc7\uff1f\u65bd\u8482\u683c\u52d2\u7b54\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7bc7\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201d\uff08Mine are all different.\uff09<\/p>\n
\u3010\u90fd\u6709\u770b\u8d70\u773c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3011Harry Markowitz\u505a\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u7b54\u8fa9\u65f6\uff0c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f88\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\uff0c\u8bf4\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u300235\u5e74\u540e\uff0cMarkowitz\u5f97\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u3002Sherwin Rosen\u5728\u829d\u5927\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u65f6\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8bd5\u6ca1\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u5efa\u8bae\u4ed6\u53bb\u5b66\u4f1a\u8ba1\uff0cRosen\u6ca1\u4fe1\u90aa\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b97\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5206\u5b66\u6d3e\u30111932\u5e74\uff0c\u718a\u5f7c\u7279\u79bb\u5f00\u6ce2\u6069\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5230\u54c8\u4f5b\u4efb\u6559\u3002\u4e34\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6ce2\u6069\u5927\u5b66\u505a\u544a\u522b\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f00\u521b\u4e00\u4e2a\u718a\u5f7c\u7279\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u3002… \u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5206\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u3010\u6570\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u3011Willard Gibbs\u662f\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c89\u9ed8\u5be1\u8a00\u8457\u79f0\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u5f00\u6559\u6388\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u600e\u6837\u63d0\u9ad8\u672c\u79d1\u6559\u80b2\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\u52a0\u5f00\u5916\u8bed\u8bfe\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u70b9\u6570\u5b66\u8bfe\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u54ea\u4e2a\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e24\u6d3e\u4e89\u5435\u4e0d\u4f11\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6Gibbs\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u201cMathematics is a language.\u201d \uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8428\u7f2a\u5c14\u68ee\u7684\u540d\u8457\u226a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5206\u6790\u57fa\u7840\u226b\u7684\u6249\u9875\u4e0a\u5370\u7740Gibbs\u8fd9\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
\u3010\u6709\u5565\u7528\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3011\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u8861\u8bba\u548c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5e94\u7528Kakutani\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u5b9a\u7406\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u5f97\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u3002\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u5b66\u8005Binmore\u8bb2\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u5219\u8da3\u4e8b\uff1a\u4e00\u6b21Kakutani\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u95eeBinmore\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u542c\u6211\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff1f\u201dBinmore\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aKakutani\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u5b9a\u7406\u3002\u201d\u800cKakutani\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u5c45\u7136\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fKakutani\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u5b9a\u7406\uff1f\u201d\uff08\u6ce8\uff1aKakutani \u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u9898\u4e3aBrouwer\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u9875\u3002\u4f30\u8ba1\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6ca1\u628a\u90a3\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f53\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u6210\u4e3a\u6570\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
\u3010\u6c42\u771f\u77e5\u800c\u975e\u529f\u5229\u3011\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u7814\u4e60\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u6709\u65e0\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u9014\u3002 Stobaeus\u8bb2\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u95ee\u5b66\u4e86\u51e0\u4f55\u4e4b\u540e\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6b27\u51e0\u91cc\u5f97\u5bf9\u4ec6\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e09\u679a\u94b1\u5e01\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u60f3\u4ece\u6240\u5b66\u4e2d\u83b7\u5229\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u968f\u5373\u88ab\u5f00\u9664\u4e86\u3002\u8bc4\uff1a\u5927\u5b66\u95ee\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u77e5\u800c\u505a\u5b66\u95ee\uff1b\u529f\u5229\u5fc3\u592a\u5f3a\u7684\uff0c\u505a\u4e0d\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u592a\u597d\u73a9\u513f\u4e86\u3011\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d4b\u91cf\u5149\u901f\uff0c\u57281907\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u665a\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u60f3\u5c3d\u5404\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6d4b\u91cf\u5149\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff1f\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u900a\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5f88\u7b80\u77ed\uff1a\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u592a\u597d\u73a9\u513f\u4e86\u3002\u201d (Because it\u2019s so much fun.)<\/p>\n
\u3010\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6c42\u8bc1\u3011\u9002\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u8c08\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e4b\u52e4\u8c28\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6e05\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u987e\u708e\u6b66\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5510\u97f5\u6b63\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u670d\u201d\u5b57\u53e4\u97f3\u4e3a\u201c\u903c\u201d\uff0c\u7ffb\u904d\u53e4\u4e66\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa162\u4e2a\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u534a\u80af\u534a\u4e0d\u80af\u3011 \u6d1e\u5c71\u548c\u5c1a\u656c\u91cd\u4ed6\u7684\u5243\u5ea6\u6069\u5e08\u4e91\u5d16\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u6d1e\u5c71\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u80af\u5148\u5e08\u4e5f\u65e0\uff1f\u201d\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u4f60\u8d5e\u6210\u4e91\u5d16\u7684\u8bdd\u5417\uff1f\u6d1e\u5c71\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u534a\u80af\u534a\u4e0d\u80af\u3002\u201d\u53c8\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u5168\u80af\uff1f\u201d\u6d1e\u5c71\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u82e5\u5168\u80af\uff0c\u5373\u8f9c\u8d1f\u5148\u5e08\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u3010\u8bb0\u5b83\u5e72\u5417\uff1f\u3011\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b\u5411\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u8981\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u62ff\u8d77\u684c\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u7c3f\u53bb\u67e5\u3002\u540c\u4e8b\u60ca\u5947\u5730\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\uff1f\u201d \u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u4e66\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8bb0\u7740\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":701,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26117],"tags":[26125],"class_list":["post-863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-26117","tag-26125"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/701"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=863"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}