{"id":839,"date":"2016-03-25T21:45:47","date_gmt":"2016-03-26T01:45:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/?p=839"},"modified":"2016-09-02T20:58:40","modified_gmt":"2016-09-03T00:58:40","slug":"%e5%be%ae%e5%8d%9a%e8%87%aa%e9%80%89%e9%9b%86%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e5%86%99%e4%bd%9c%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%9c%e6%8b%89%e8%a5%bf%e6%89%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/juzhang\/2016\/03\/25\/%e5%be%ae%e5%8d%9a%e8%87%aa%e9%80%89%e9%9b%86%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e5%86%99%e4%bd%9c%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%9c%e6%8b%89%e8%a5%bf%e6%89%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5fae\u535a\u81ea\u9009\u96c6\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u4e1c\u62c9\u897f\u626f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u30102012\u5e74\u7684\u65e7\u4f5c\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8d70\u51fa\u6821\u95e8\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u611f\u89e6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5199\u4f5c\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5f53\u521d\u8f7b\u89c6\u4e86\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u5b9e\u6ca1\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5b83\u8fd9\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4eba\u8c08\u5230\u5199\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u603b\u662f\u6d17\u8033\u606d\u542c\u3002\u56de\u5934\u770b\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fae\u535a\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u672d\u8bb0\u548c\u611f\u60f3\u3002\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6539\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u51d1\u621015\u5219\u3002\u6302\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u7ed9\u60f3\u505a\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u63d0\u4e2a\u9192\u513f\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u5199\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u83f2\u5c14\u8328\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6Michael Atiyah\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u5e94\u9080\u7ed9\u5e74\u8f7b\u5b66\u8005\u4f20\u6388\u4e9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8bb0\u7740\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u2026\u2026 \u5199\u5f97\u597d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6210\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u88ab\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u5199\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u7ae0\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u601d\u60f3\u8db3\u591f\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u91cd\u5199\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388John Cochrane\uff0c\u7ed9\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u63d0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5199\u4f5c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u5e38\u62ff\u6765\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u7814\u4e60\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f18\u79c0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u670950%\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u82b1\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u4e0a\uff1b\u800c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u670980%\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u82b1\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u4e0a\u3002\u201d \u4f60\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u65bd\u8482\u683c\u52d2\u66fe\u7ecf\u8c08\u5230\u5b66\u754c\u548c\u5546\u754c\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u6781\u5176\u63a8\u5d07\u539f\u521b\u6027(originality)\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u548c\u5546\u754c\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u6ce8\u91cd\u5305\u88c5\u548c\u5e7f\u544a(packaging and advertising)\u3002\u8fd9\u540e\u4e00\u70b9\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e14\u957f\u4e8e\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u56db\uff09\u6211\u4ece\u524d\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u3002\u89c9\u5f97\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7531\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5185\u5bb9\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u6b21\u4e4b\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\u4e0d\u597d\u3001\u5199\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u62ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u505a\u6258\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u52aa\u529b\u7ec3\u4e60\u8bf4\u548c\u5199\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5373\u5185\u5bb9\uff08Form is content\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u4e3a\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u501f\u53e3\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u8bf4\u548c\u5199\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u8c08\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u201c\u6280\u5de7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5929\u8d4b\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u79cd\u6ca1\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u7231\u542c\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u201d\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u5fcc\uff0c\u5199\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u201c\u5199\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5149\u5149\u662f\u5199\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8981\u641e\u597d\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u517b\u6210\u539a\u8138\u76ae\u3001\u4e0d\u6015\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u8bf4\u5f97\u771f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u516d\uff09\u6709\u4eba\u66fe\u505a\u8bc4\u6bd4\uff0c\u770b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u8c01\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5199\u4f5c\u6700\u597d\uff0c\u8363\u767b\u699c\u9996\u7684\u662fDeirdre McCloskey\uff08\u53d8\u6027\u524d\u539f\u540dDonald McCloskey\uff09\u3002\u5979\u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\uff0cEconomical Writing\uff0c\u6211\u5949\u4e3a\u81f3\u5b9d\u3002\u5979\u4e0d\u4f46\u7ed9\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u5199\u4f5c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u628a\u4e00\u672c\u5b9e\u7528\u624b\u518c\u7c7b\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5199\u5f97\u7cbe\u5f69\u7eb7\u5448\u3001\u5999\u8da3\u6a2a\u751f\u3002\u6211\u5e38\u628a\u5b83\u62ff\u8d77\u6765\u7ffb\u7ffb\uff0c\u91cd\u6e29\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u5e7d\u9ed8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e03\uff09McCloskey\u6709\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u8c01\u662f\u4e00\u6d41\u5199\u624b\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bfb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e45\u800c\u4e45\u4e4b\uff0c\u88ab\u6f5c\u79fb\u9ed8\u5316\u5730\u718f\u9676\uff0c\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u5199\u4f5c\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u6709\u4e2a\u53cd\u9762\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u8fde\u7eed\u591a\u5e74\u8ba2\u9605\u300a\u5546\u4e1a\u5468\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u6bcf\u671f\u5fc5\u8bfb\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4e0e\u540c\u4e8b\u5408\u5199\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6211\u5199\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a3f\uff0c\u540c\u4e8b\u8bfb\u8fc7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bf4\u6211\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u8c61\u5546\u4e1a\u6742\u5fd7\u8bb0\u8005\u3002\u6211\u6697\u5403\u4e00\u60ca\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u300a\u5546\u4e1a\u5468\u520a\u300b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u516b\uff09\u6211\u4ee5\u524d\u6709\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u4e66\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5230\u667a\u5e93\u5e2e\u4eba\u6539\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u518d\u540e\u6765\u5230\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u505a\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u54ac\u6587\u56bc\u5b57\u6210\u4e86\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u6574\u5929\u628a\u7f8e\u6587\u5999\u53e5\u5f53\u8461\u8404\u9152\u54c1\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u5c31\u95ee\u4ed6\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u60f3\u957f\u671f\u8bfb\u4e00\u4efd\u82f1\u6587\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u826f\u597d\u6587\u7b14\u7684\u718f\u9676\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u54ea\u4e00\u4efd\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed9\u6211\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u662f\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5ba2\u300b\uff08The New Yorker\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e5d\uff09\u804c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u5199\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u9ad8\u624b\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0cGeorge Stigler\u582a\u79f0\u662f\u9876\u7ea7\u5199\u624b\u3002\u8bba\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u70b9\u513f\u50cf\u94b1\u949f\u4e66\uff0c\u6e0a\u535a\u3001\u5e7d\u9ed8\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5e26\u70b9\u513f\u523b\u8584\u3002\u8bfb\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eab\u53d7\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\uff0cMemoirs of an Unregulated Economist\uff0c\u662f\u540c\u7c7b\u9898\u6750\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u5341\uff09Tom 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Macrobehavior\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u6700\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6587\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u5341\u4e00\uff09\u5b66\u672f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u6e05\u695a\u3001\u5e73\u5b9e\u800c\u7b80\u7ec3\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6709\u77eb\u67d4\u9020\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5acc\u3002\u4ece\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u660e\u660e\u767d\u767d\u5730\u9519\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6bd4\u4e0d\u660e\u4e0d\u767d\u3001\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u5bf9\u9519\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\u3002\u5199\u5f97\u7a00\u91cc\u7cca\u6d82\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ce1\u5229\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\uff02not even wrong\uff01\uff02<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u5341\u4e8c\uff09\u4e54\u6cbb\u6885\u68ee\u5927\u5b66\u7684Tyler 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