{"id":858,"date":"2013-01-01T11:13:58","date_gmt":"2013-01-01T16:13:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/?p=858"},"modified":"2016-08-09T11:19:05","modified_gmt":"2016-08-09T15:19:05","slug":"new-geographies-of-extractive-industries-in-latin-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/2013\/2013\/new-geographies-of-extractive-industries-in-latin-america\/","title":{"rendered":"New Geographies of Extractive Industries in Latin America"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>| By J. Bury and A. Bebbington | Published in\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/2013\/book\/subterranean-struggles-new-dynamics-of-mining-oil-and-gas-in-latin-america\/\">Subterranean Struggles: New Dynamics of Mining, Oil and Gas in Latin America<\/a>.<\/em>\u00a0Edited by A. Bebbington and J.Bury. Austin: University of Texas Press |<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Excerpt<\/strong>:\u00a0Shortly after midnight on Friday, October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus and his expeditionary force of three ships first hove into view of the landscapes of the Americas. The next morning the expedition made landfall on a small island in the Bahamas where Columbus claimed the lands for the Spanish Crown.1 When the many inhabitants of the island approached them, Columbus and his men offered them a few red caps, glass beads, and \u201cmany other things of little value,\u201d which apparently \u201cgave them great pleasure and made them so much our friends it was a marvel to see\u201d (Columbus, as cited in Markham 1893, 33). The local people, in exchange, gave them parrots, skeins of cotton thread, darts, and some of the gold jewelry that they wore, as Columbus notes, \u201con their arms, legs, in their ears, around their necks, and through their noses\u201d (Markham 1893, 39). On the first day of contact Columbus noted that he was satisfied with the results of these exchanges because the local inhabitants \u201cwould be more easily freed and converted to our holy faith by love than by force\u201d and that \u201cthey should be good servants \u201d (Markham 1893, 37\u201338). This momentous meeting on the beaches of the Bahamas, when Columbus offered the native populations of the Western Hemisphere trinkets of little value in exchange for their freedom and lands, is a well-\u00ad worn moment of profound historical significance that inaugurated a centuries-\u00adlong period of interhemispheric unequal exchange that transformed the planet (Crosby 1972). While history has long examined the conquest of the Americas through the triple imperatives of god, gold, and glory, from the distance of four centuries, the text of Columbus\u2019 journals is inordinately and rather obsessively focused on gold, its abundance, and how it might be extracted.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>| By J. Bury and A. Bebbington | Published in\u00a0Subterranean Struggles: New Dynamics of Mining, Oil and Gas in Latin America.\u00a0Edited by A. Bebbington and J.Bury. Austin: University of Texas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":455,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20363,35094],"tags":[34796,31555,31553,20364,31455],"class_list":["post-858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-20363","category-book-chapters-and-other-journal-articles","tag-extractive-industries","tag-latin-america","tag-mining","tag-political-ecology","tag-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/455"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=858"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/858\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.clarku.edu\/abebbington\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}